quarta-feira, 1 de junho de 2011

VPN - Roteamento Estático e Cell-Mode

1      Cenário

1.1       Objetivo

Seis roteadores (CE1, PE1, P1, P2, PE2 e CE2) são conectados fisicamente conforme a topologia abaixo via interfaces Fast Ethernet. Pede-se as configurações abaixo:
      Deverá ser usado o encaminhamento via MPLS entre os roteadores do backbone;
      A conexão AtM entre os PE1-P1-P2-PE2 deverá ser Cell Mode;
      Deverá ser configurada uma VPN conectando o CE1 ao PE1 e o CE2 ao PE2. RD e RT a escolher;
      O protocolo de roteamento do backbone deverá ser o OSPF na área 0 com todas as interfaces divulgadas;
      O roteamento da VPN deverá ser estático redistribuído para o MBGP.

1.2       Topologia


1.3       IOS utilizados

      CE1, PE1, P1, P2, PE2, CE2 – c7200-k91p-mz.122-25.S15.bin

1.4       Configuração dos Roteadores

1.4.1    Configurações do Cell-Mode do ATM

O Cell-mode é confiurado dentro da interface ATM. Cria-se uma sub-interface ATM com MPLS usando o comando “interface ATM1/0.x mpls” e dentro dessa interface configura-se o endereçamento IP normalmente. O VPI/VCI do ATM é configurado com o comando “mpls atm control-vc ”, caso precise.
Caso não for usado o MPLS, os Labels do circuito virtual do ATM são configurados com o comando “mpls atm vpi vci-range ” onde são configurados os ranges de VPI e VC que podem assumir qualquer valor.

1.4.2    Configurações do OSPF

Em todos os roteadores configura-se o roteamento OSPF pelo comando “router ospf ” onde o “processo” é um numero do processo OSPF. O roteador também possui um router ID único que geralmente é a interface loopback ou então o maior endereço IP do roteador.
Para adicionar interfaces deve-se usar o comando “network
área ”. Um roteador pode ter interfaces em áreas distintas, define-se cada área pelo comando network.
Para o roteador fazer vizinhança OSPF é necessário que a rede da interface esteja no comando “network” e a interface não esteja configurada como “passive-interface”.

1.4.3    Configurações do MPLS

Antes de qualquer configuração, o Cisco Express forwarding deve ser habilitado com o comando “ip cef”. Para habilitar o MPLS no modo LDP, usa-se o comando global “mpls label protocol ldp”, para que seja habilitado nas interfaces, usa-se esse comando dentro da interface.
O Router-ID usado no MPLS pode ser configurado com o comando “mpls ldp router-id ”.

1.4.4    Configuração da VPN MBGP

“Para estabelecer uma VPN é necessário configurar o MBGP para a troca de informações de prefixos de VPN”. Pode-se somente configurar o MBGP nos roteadores PEs da rede que possuem conexão com os CEs, ou seja, conectados diretamente aos sites.
O MBGP funciona como o BGP, configura-se em todos os roteadores pelo comando “router bgp onde o “AS” é o Autonomous System do backbone. Dentro da configuração de BGP adicionam-se os vizinhos estaticamente com o comando “neighbor remote-as .
Adiciona-se o IP da interface loopback como Router-ID pelo comando “bgp router-id .
Como os roteadores dentro do mesmo AS não divulgarão as rotas IBGP entre eles, faz-se o full-mesh de conexão MBGP ou configuram-se os roteadores centrais como Router-reflectors adicionando os demais roteadores como clientes pelo comando “neighbor router-reflector-client”.

1.4.5    Habilitando o Multiprotocol BGP

O MBGP é configurado dentro do protocolo BGP, porém deve-se separar a família de roteamento com o comando “address-family vpnv4”. Para o envio de prefixos das VPNs, deve-se habilitar o envio de community extendida com o comando “neighbor send-community extended”.
Todos os recursos como route-map, next-hop-self, router-reflector, etc. podem ser configurados dentro da família VPNv4 para manipular ou resolver problemas de roteamento.

1.4.6    Criando uma VPN no BGP

Após todos os roteadores PEs da rede possuem conectividade MBGP, ou diretamente ou por router-reflector, cria-se a VPN com o comando “ip vrf ”, dentro desse comando ficam os parâmentros de marcação da VPN e das communities associadas aos prefixos daquela VPN. Configura-se o Route-Distinguisher da VPN, que deve ser único na rede, com comando “rd :”, e também cria-se a  community que será exportada para aqueles prefixos de rede com o comando “route-target :”, onde “import” significa importar as rotas e “export” exportar as rotas.
Cria-se então uma address-family dentro do BGP com o comando “address-family ipv4 vrf < vpn_name>” com o mesmo nome da VPN criada no “ip vrf”. Dentro dessa address-family são configuradas as redes que serão redistribuídas para os outros sites. Para divulgar as redes é necessário que a rede exista na tabela de roteamento interna e, ou adicionar o comando “network mask ou redistribuindo rotas para o MBGP com o comando “redistribute , que pode ser vinculado à um route-map para definir exatamente as rotas que serão divulgadas de um protocolo para outros sites.
Enfim, para que uma interface conectada ao CE faça parte da VPN BGP, usa-se o comando “ip vrf forwarding ” dentro da interface.

1.5       Observações e Bugs

Documentação:

1.6       Comandos Importantes de Verificação

P1#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing      Prefix            Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop   
Label  Label or VC   or Tunnel Id      Switched      interface             
16     1/33          1.1.1.1/32        3652          AT2/0.1    point2point
17     1/33          10.10.10.8/30     0             AT3/0.1    point2point
18     1/34          100.100.100.2/32  0             AT3/0.1    point2point
19     1/35          2.2.2.2/32        3095          AT3/0.1    point2point

PE1#show ip route vrf STATIC

Routing Table: STATIC
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
B       172.16.20.0 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:24:01
S       172.16.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
B       172.16.2.0 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:24:01

2      Configuração

2.1       CE1

!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1
!

2.2       PE1

Ip cef
!
ip vrf STATIC
 rd 1:1
 route-target export 1:1
 route-target import 1:1
!
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
 ip vrf forwarding STATIC
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
 mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
!
router bgp 1
 bgp router-id 1.1.1.1
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 1
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0
 !
 address-family vpnv4
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community extended
!
 address-family ipv4 vrf STATIC
 redistribute connected
 redistribute static
!
!
ip route vrf STATIC 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
!

2.3       P1

!
Ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
 mpls ip
!
interface ATM3/0
!
interface ATM3/0.1 mpls
 ip address 10.10.10.5 255.255.255.252
 mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 100.100.100.1
 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
 network 100.100.100.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
!

2.4       P2

!
Ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
 ip address 10.10.10.9 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
interface ATM3/0

!
interface ATM3/0.1 mpls
 ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.252
 mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 100.100.100.2
 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
 network 100.100.100.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
!

2.5       PE2

!
Ip cef
!
ip vrf STATIC
 rd 1:1
 route-target export 1:1
 route-target import 1:1
!
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
 ip vrf forwarding STATIC
 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
 ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.252
 mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
!
router bgp 1
 bgp router-id 2.2.2.2
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 1
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
 !
 address-family vpnv4
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 activate
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 send-community extended
  !
 address-family ipv4 vrf STATIC
 redistribute connected
 redistribute static
!
!
ip route vrf STATIC 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
!

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