1 Cenário
1.1 Objetivo
Seis roteadores (CE1, PE1, P1, P2, PE2 e CE2) são conectados fisicamente conforme a topologia abaixo via interfaces Fast Ethernet. Pede-se as configurações abaixo:
• Deverá ser usado o encaminhamento via MPLS entre os roteadores do backbone;
• A conexão AtM entre os PE1-P1-P2-PE2 deverá ser Cell Mode;
• Deverá ser configurada uma VPN conectando o CE1 ao PE1 e o CE2 ao PE2. RD e RT a escolher;
• O protocolo de roteamento do backbone deverá ser o OSPF na área 0 com todas as interfaces divulgadas;
• O roteamento da VPN deverá ser estático redistribuído para o MBGP.
1.2 Topologia
1.3 IOS utilizados
• CE1, PE1, P1, P2, PE2, CE2 – c7200-k91p-mz.122-25.S15.bin
1.4 Configuração dos Roteadores
1.4.1 Configurações do Cell-Mode do ATM
O Cell-mode é confiurado dentro da interface ATM. Cria-se uma sub-interface ATM com MPLS usando o comando “interface ATM1/0.x mpls” e dentro dessa interface configura-se o endereçamento IP normalmente. O VPI/VCI do ATM é configurado com o comando “mpls atm control-vc ”, caso precise.
Caso não for usado o MPLS, os Labels do circuito virtual do ATM são configurados com o comando “mpls atm vpi vci-range ” onde são configurados os ranges de VPI e VC que podem assumir qualquer valor.
1.4.2 Configurações do OSPF
Em todos os roteadores configura-se o roteamento OSPF pelo comando “router ospf ” onde o “processo” é um numero do processo OSPF. O roteador também possui um router ID único que geralmente é a interface loopback ou então o maior endereço IP do roteador.
Para adicionar interfaces deve-se usar o comando “network área ”. Um roteador pode ter interfaces em áreas distintas, define-se cada área pelo comando network.
Para o roteador fazer vizinhança OSPF é necessário que a rede da interface esteja no comando “network” e a interface não esteja configurada como “passive-interface”.
1.4.3 Configurações do MPLS
Antes de qualquer configuração, o Cisco Express forwarding deve ser habilitado com o comando “ip cef”. Para habilitar o MPLS no modo LDP, usa-se o comando global “mpls label protocol ldp”, para que seja habilitado nas interfaces, usa-se esse comando dentro da interface.
O Router-ID usado no MPLS pode ser configurado com o comando “mpls ldp router-id ”.
1.4.4 Configuração da VPN MBGP
“Para estabelecer uma VPN é necessário configurar o MBGP para a troca de informações de prefixos de VPN”. Pode-se somente configurar o MBGP nos roteadores PEs da rede que possuem conexão com os CEs, ou seja, conectados diretamente aos sites.
O MBGP funciona como o BGP, configura-se em todos os roteadores pelo comando “router bgp ” onde o “AS” é o Autonomous System do backbone. Dentro da configuração de BGP adicionam-se os vizinhos estaticamente com o comando “neighbor remote-as ” .
Adiciona-se o IP da interface loopback como Router-ID pelo comando “bgp router-id ” .
Como os roteadores dentro do mesmo AS não divulgarão as rotas IBGP entre eles, faz-se o full-mesh de conexão MBGP ou configuram-se os roteadores centrais como Router-reflectors adicionando os demais roteadores como clientes pelo comando “neighbor router-reflector-client” .
1.4.5 Habilitando o Multiprotocol BGP
O MBGP é configurado dentro do protocolo BGP, porém deve-se separar a família de roteamento com o comando “address-family vpnv4”. Para o envio de prefixos das VPNs, deve-se habilitar o envio de community extendida com o comando “neighbor send-community extended” .
Todos os recursos como route-map, next-hop-self, router-reflector, etc. podem ser configurados dentro da família VPNv4 para manipular ou resolver problemas de roteamento.
1.4.6 Criando uma VPN no BGP
Após todos os roteadores PEs da rede possuem conectividade MBGP, ou diretamente ou por router-reflector, cria-se a VPN com o comando “ip vrf ”, dentro desse comando ficam os parâmentros de marcação da VPN e das communities associadas aos prefixos daquela VPN. Configura-se o Route-Distinguisher da VPN, que deve ser único na rede, com comando “rd : ”, e também cria-se a community que será exportada para aqueles prefixos de rede com o comando “route-target : ”, onde “import” significa importar as rotas e “export” exportar as rotas.
Cria-se então uma address-family dentro do BGP com o comando “address-family ipv4 vrf < vpn_name>” com o mesmo nome da VPN criada no “ip vrf”. Dentro dessa address-family são configuradas as redes que serão redistribuídas para os outros sites. Para divulgar as redes é necessário que a rede exista na tabela de roteamento interna e, ou adicionar o comando “network mask ” ou redistribuindo rotas para o MBGP com o comando “redistribute ” , que pode ser vinculado à um route-map para definir exatamente as rotas que serão divulgadas de um protocolo para outros sites.
Enfim, para que uma interface conectada ao CE faça parte da VPN BGP, usa-se o comando “ip vrf forwarding ” dentro da interface.
1.5 Observações e Bugs
Documentação:
1.6 Comandos Importantes de Verificação
P1#show mpls forwarding-table
Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing Next Hop
Label Label or VC or Tunnel Id Switched interface
16 1/33 1.1.1.1/32 3652 AT2/0.1 point2point
17 1/33 10.10.10.8/30 0 AT3/0.1 point2point
18 1/34 100.100.100.2/32 0 AT3/0.1 point2point
19 1/35 2.2.2.2/32 3095 AT3/0.1 point2point
PE1#show ip route vrf STATIC
Routing Table: STATIC
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
B 172.16.20.0 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:24:01
S 172.16.10.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
B 172.16.2.0 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:24:01
2 Configuração
2.1 CE1
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1
!
2.2 PE1
Ip cef
!
ip vrf STATIC
rd 1:1
route-target export 1:1
route-target import 1:1
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip vrf forwarding STATIC
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
!
router bgp 1
bgp router-id 1.1.1.1
neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 1
neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate
neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community extended
!
address-family ipv4 vrf STATIC
redistribute connected
redistribute static
!
!
ip route vrf STATIC 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
!
2.3 P1
!
Ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
interface ATM3/0
!
interface ATM3/0.1 mpls
ip address 10.10.10.5 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
router-id 100.100.100.1
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
network 100.100.100.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
2.4 P2
!
Ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
ip address 10.10.10.9 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
interface ATM3/0
!
interface ATM3/0.1 mpls
ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
router-id 100.100.100.2
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
network 100.100.100.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
2.5 PE2
!
Ip cef
!
ip vrf STATIC
rd 1:1
route-target export 1:1
route-target import 1:1
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip vrf forwarding STATIC
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface ATM2/0
!
interface ATM2/0.1 mpls
ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
!
router bgp 1
bgp router-id 2.2.2.2
neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 1
neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 1.1.1.1 activate
neighbor 1.1.1.1 send-community extended
!
address-family ipv4 vrf STATIC
redistribute connected
redistribute static
!
!
ip route vrf STATIC 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
!
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