sexta-feira, 30 de abril de 2010

OSPF Controle de trafego (cost)


1        Cenário

1.1           Objetivo

Quatro roteadores (R1, R2, R3 e R4) são conectados da seguinte forma:
·         O R1 se conecta ao R2 por 3 links seriais com encapsulamento PPP e se conecta ao R3 usando um link MFR com 2 interfaces seriais;
·         O R2 se conecta ao R3 através de um link Fast Ethernet e se conecta ao R4 pelos links Fast Ethernet, link ATM e link serial PPP;
·         O R3 se conecta ao R4 através de 2 links seriais com encapsulamento PPP.
Para o roteamento, todos os roteadores deverão possui OSPF em todas as suas interfaces e inclusive nas interfaces loopbacks.
Os links seriais deverão ter custo 5, o link ATM deverá ter custo 1 e os links Fast Ethernet deverão ter custo 3.

1.2           Topologia

Figure-01:              Topologia

1.3           IOS utilizados

·         C1, C2, C3, R3, R4, R5, R6 – c7200-js-mz.123-7.T.bin

1.4           Configuração dos Roteadores

Em todos os roteadores configura-se o roteamento OSPF pelo comando “router ospf ” onde o “processo” é um numero do processo OSPF. O roteador também possui um router ID único que geralmente é a interface loopback ou então o maior endereço IP do roteador.
Para adicionar interfaces deve-se usar o comando “network
área ”. Um roteador pode ter interfaces em áreas distintas, define-se cada área pelo comando network.
Para o roteador fazer vizinhança OSPF é necessário que a rede da interface esteja no comando “network” e a interface não esteja configurada como “passive-interface”.
A configuração de custo de OSPF é feita na interface para um determinado link e pode ser feita nas interfaces loopbacks também. Usa-se o comando “ip ospf cost ”.
A configuração da rota default é feita usando o comando “default-information originate always”.

1.5           Observações e Bugs


1.6           Comentários

O OSPF calcula o caminho baseado no custo de cada link. O link que possuir menor custo até o destino é o link que ele vai usar.
Custo = Largura de Banda de referencia / Largura de Banda da interface (bps)
Largura de Banda de Referencia = 10^8 (pode ser modificada pelo Cisco IOS)
Largura de Banda da Interface – Dependente da portadora do meio de transmissão. Por exemplo, em um Link Ethernet (100 mbps = 100×10^6 = 100000000). Então, o custo será: Custo = 100000000 / 100000000 = 1
Observe que a única rota que possui custo = 1 é a rota default. As demais rotas sempre começam com 2.
Os links seriais possuem BW de 1544.000bps, por isso o custo é 64. No OSPF aparece 65 para as loopbacks do vizinho por causa do +1 adicionado ao roteamento da loopback.

1.7           Comandos Importantes de Verificação

R2#sh ip ospf interface brief
Interface    PID   Area            IP Address/Mask    Cost  State Nbrs F/C
Fa4/0        1     0               24.24.24.1/30      3     P2P   1/1
AT3/0.1      1     0               22.22.22.9/30      1     P2P   1/1
Se2/1        1     0               22.22.22.5/30      5     P2P   1/1
Fa0/0        1     0               22.22.22.1/30      3     P2P   1/1
Se1/2        1     0               12.12.12.10/30     5     P2P   1/1
Se1/1        1     0               12.12.12.6/30      5     P2P   1/1
Se1/0        1     0               12.12.12.2/30      5     P2P   1/1
Lo0          1     0               2.2.2.2/32         1     LOOP  0/0

R2#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is 24.24.24.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     34.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O       34.34.34.0 [110/6] via 22.22.22.10, 00:05:53, ATM3/0.1
O       34.34.34.4 [110/6] via 22.22.22.10, 00:05:53, ATM3/0.1
     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       1.1.1.1 [110/6] via 12.12.12.9, 00:05:53, Serial1/2
                [110/6] via 12.12.12.5, 00:05:53, Serial1/1
                [110/6] via 12.12.12.1, 00:05:53, Serial1/0
     2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
     3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       3.3.3.3 [110/2] via 22.22.22.10, 00:05:53, ATM3/0.1
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       4.4.4.4 [110/4] via 24.24.24.2, 00:05:53, FastEthernet4/0
     22.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks
C       22.22.22.6/32 is directly connected, Serial2/1
C       22.22.22.4/30 is directly connected, Serial2/1
C       22.22.22.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C       22.22.22.8/30 is directly connected, ATM3/0.1
     24.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       24.24.24.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet4/0
     12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C       12.12.12.8/30 is directly connected, Serial1/2
C       12.12.12.9/32 is directly connected, Serial1/2
C       12.12.12.4/30 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C       12.12.12.5/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C       12.12.12.0/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       12.12.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     14.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       14.14.14.0 [110/8] via 24.24.24.2, 00:05:54, FastEthernet4/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 24.24.24.2, 00:05:54, FastEthernet4/0

2        Configuração

2.1           R1

interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!        
interface MFR1
 no ip address
 frame-relay intf-type dce
!        
interface MFR1.1 point-to-point
 ip address 14.14.14.1 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf cost 5
 frame-relay interface-dlci 104  
!               
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!        
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 12.12.12.5 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!        
interface Serial1/2
 ip address 12.12.12.9 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!        
interface Serial2/0
 no ip address 
 encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial2/1
 no ip address 
 encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
 ip ospf cost 5
!
!
router ospf 1
 network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 12.12.12.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 12.12.12.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 14.14.14.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
!

2.2           R2

!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 22.22.22.1 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 3
 duplex full
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 12.12.12.6 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial1/2
 ip address 12.12.12.10 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial2/1
 ip address 22.22.22.5 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface ATM3/0
!
interface ATM3/0.1 point-to-point
 ip address 22.22.22.9 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 1
 pvc 0/203
  encapsulation aal5snap
 !
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
 ip address 24.24.24.1 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 3
 duplex full
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 12.12.12.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 12.12.12.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 22.22.22.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 22.22.22.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 22.22.22.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 24.24.24.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
!

2.3           R3

!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 22.22.22.2 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 3
 duplex full
!
interface Serial2/1
 ip address 22.22.22.6 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial2/3
 ip address 34.34.34.1 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial2/4
 ip address 34.34.34.5 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface ATM3/0
!
interface ATM3/0.1 point-to-point
 ip address 22.22.22.10 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf cost 1
 pvc 0/203
  encapsulation aal5snap
 !
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 3.3.3.3
 network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 22.22.22.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 22.22.22.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 22.22.22.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 34.34.34.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
!

2.4           R4

!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
!
interface MFR1
 no ip address
!
interface MFR1.1 point-to-point
 bandwidth 500
 ip address 14.14.14.2 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
 frame-relay interface-dlci 104  
!
interface Serial2/0
 no ip address 
 encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
!
interface Serial2/1
 no ip address 
 encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
!
interface Serial2/3
 ip address 34.34.34.2 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface Serial2/4
 ip address 34.34.34.6 255.255.255.252
 encapsulation ppp
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 5
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
 ip address 24.24.24.2 255.255.255.252
 ip ospf network point-to-point
 ip ospf cost 3
 duplex full
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 4.4.4.4
 network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 14.14.14.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 24.24.24.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 34.34.34.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
 default-information originate always
!

 

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